Brief description of media:

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (on May 11, 2020) announced the following actions taken in its ongoing response effort to the COVID-19 pandemic

Brief description of media:

Rehabilitation has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an essential health strategy, alongside promotion, prevention, treatment, and palliative care. For the WHO, rehabilitation is a core component of universal health coverage and a central target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Rehabilitation focuses on the overall functioning of the whole person, including comorbidities. Consequently, rehabilitation of individuals who have experienced COVID-19 must consider not only the consequences of the disease but also the effects of treatments applied during the acute phase. For the WHO, functioning (the target of rehabilitation) is a key indicator of health, alongside mortality and morbidity, capturing the impact of diseases and injuries on body functions, human activities and participation. Rehabilitation inherently serves to reduce disability, with broad health, social, and economic impacts.

This Special Collection is the result of collaboration within Cochrane Rehabilitation, with rigorous involvement from stakeholders: the Steering Committee of the REH-COVER (Rehabilitation COVID-19 Evidence-based Response) action and the Cochrane Rehabilitation Advisory Board. The agreed list of relevant conditions is the product of a structured prioritization process for identifying the list of conditions, and subsequently review inclusion, except post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for which Cochrane Mental Health and Neuroscience was consulted.

Brief description of media:

Coronavirus patients who require treatment in an intensive care unit could suffer from post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), experts say.
In general, patients who require intensive care are at risk for mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression when their treatment is over, according to Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University. They also can suffer cognitive impairment and physical limitations.

Brief description of media:

Coronavirus (COVID-19): Various news reports in recent weeks have pointed out that for some Covid-19 patients who needed intensive care, the journey to recovery is a long one. After leaving the ICU, they may suffer from what is known as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), which can happen to any person who has been in the ICU.

Brief description of media:

Coronavirus patients who require treatment in an intensive care unit could suffer from post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), experts say.

In general, patients who require intensive care are at risk for mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression when their treatment is over, according to Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University. They also can suffer cognitive impairment and physical limitations.

Brief description of media:

Background

Our aim was to evaluate the benefits and harms of adjunctive corticosteroids in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) using individual patient data from randomized, placebo-controlled trials and to explore subgroup differences.
Methods

We systematically searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, and trial registers (all through July 2017). Data from 1506 individual patients in 6 trials were analyzed using uniform outcome definitions. We investigated prespecified effect modifiers using multivariable hierarchical regression, adjusting for pneumonia severity, age, and clustering effects.
Results

Within 30 days of randomization, 37 of 748 patients (5.0%) assigned to corticosteroids and 45 of 758 patients (5.9%) assigned to placebo died (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], .46 to 1.21; P &#x003D; .24). Time to clinical stability and length of hospital stay were reduced by approximately 1 day with corticosteroids (–1.03 days; 95% CI, –1.62 to –.43; P &#x003D; .001 and –1.15 days; 95% CI, –1.75 to –.55; P < .001, respectively). More patients with corticosteroids had hyperglycemia (160 [22.1%] vs 88 [12.0%]; aOR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.60 to 2.90; P < .001) and CAP-related rehospitalization (33 [5.0%] vs 18 [2.7%]; aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.32; P &#x003D; .04). We did not find significant effect modification by CAP severity or degree of inflammation.
Conclusions

Adjunct corticosteroids for patients hospitalized with CAP reduce time to clinical stability and length of hospital stay by approximately 1 day without a significant effect on overall mortality but with an increased risk for CAP–related rehospitalization and hyperglycemia.

Brief description of media:

NICE has developed a medtech innovation briefing (MIB) on the CORTRAK 2 Enteral Access System for placing nasoenteral feeding tubes.

Brief description of media:

Record Status

This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation that meets the criteria for inclusion on NHS EED. Each abstract contains a brief summary of the methods, the results and conclusions followed by a detailed critical assessment on the reliability of the study and the conclusions drawn.
Health technology

Intensive care for patients with AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and severe respiratory failure.

Brief description of media:

This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation that meets the criteria for inclusion on NHS EED. Each abstract contains a brief summary of the methods, the results and conclusions followed by a detailed critical assessment on the reliability of the study and the conclusions drawn.

Brief description of media:

Record Status

This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation that meets the criteria for inclusion on NHS EED. Each abstract contains a brief summary of the methods, the results and conclusions followed by a detailed critical assessment on the reliability of the study and the conclusions drawn.
Health technology

The use of a specific polyclonal intravenous immune globulin preparation (Pentaglobin) for adult patients treated for severe sepsis and septic shock.

Brief description of media:

Objectives: To conduct a cost-minimisation analysis of sivelestat sodium hydrate treatment for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute lung injury (ALI) associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by infection.

Design: The analysis was performed based on data from a phase III randomised, multicentre, double-blind, controlled clinical study of up to 14 days treatment with sivelestat, in which the effect of intravenous sivelestat at a high dose (0.20 mg/kg/h; the sivelestat group) was compared with that at a low dose (0.004 mg/kg/h, effectively a placebo; the control group).

Patients: Patients with ALI associated with SIRS caused by infection, who began their treatment under mechanical ventilation management in the ICU.

Brief description of media:

Most people with COVID-19 recover completely within a few weeks, but some experience lingeringsymptoms. Those individuals are often referred to as “COVID long-haulers” and have a conditioncalled COVID-19 syndrome or “long COVID.” For COVID long-haulers, persistent symptoms ofteninclude brain fog, fatigue, headaches, dizziness and shortness of breath, among others.
While more still needs to be known about COVID long-haulers, AMA member Devang Sanghavi, MD,an intensivist and medical director of the medical intensive care unit at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville,Florida, took time to answer questions patients might have about long-term symptoms.